Advances in the management of children and adults with congenital heart disease (CHD) have had a major impact on long-term survival, such that the projected number of adults with CHD in Europe and North America now exceeds 3.5 million.
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is believed to underlie 60–80% of these deaths.
Preparticipation evaluation (PPE) offers the potential to prevent sudden cardiac death (SCD) in young athletes by early identification of cardiac diseases at risk of malignant ventricular arrhythmias (VA).
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is common (∼20–40%) in patients with heart failure (HF), and is associated with worse symptoms and quality of life, a greater burden of HF hospitalisation, and higher mortality rates compared to patients without T2DM.
Lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] is a risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD) and its related phenotypes.
Heart failure is the leading cause of premature morbidity and mortality in adults with CHD (ACHD).