Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, such as dapagliflozin, have been studied in acute non-cardiovascular illnesses, but detailed data on their efficacy and safety in patients with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D) from double-blind randomized trials are limited. This secondary analysis of the Dapagliflozin in Respiratory Failure in Patients with COVID-19 (DARE-19) trial assessed the safety and efficacy of dapagliflozin in hospitalized COVID-19 patients with cardiometabolic risk factors, stratified by T2D status.
Diffuse interstitial fibrosis is a key contributor to adverse outcomes in hypertensive heart disease and may be reversible. Sacubitril/valsartan, a combined angiotensin receptor- neprilysin inhibitor, may offer superior anti-fibrotic effects compared to valsartan alone. The REVERSE-LVH phase 2 open-label trial (clinicaltrials.gov NCT: 03553810), funded by the National Medical Research Council of Singapore, investigated the myocardial benefits of sacubitril/valsartan in patients with essential hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH).
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists have individually improved outcomes in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) or mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF). However, the efficacy and safety of combining these agents remain untested in randomized trials, necessitating dedicated studies to evaluate potential synergistic benefits.
Hypertension, a prevalent lifestyle disorder, targets a blood pressure (BP) of less than 140/90 mmHg, with amlodipine, a calcium channel blocker, serving as a first-line treatment. Understanding its usage patterns, effectiveness, and tolerability, particularly in diverse populations with comorbidities, is critical for optimizing therapeutic strategies.
This comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis, published in The Lancet Public Health, evaluates the relationship between daily step count and a wide range of adult health outcomes. Unlike previous reviews that mostly focused on all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease, this study incorporates data from 57 studies across 35 cohorts to examine broader health outcomes such as cancer, type 2 diabetes, dementia, depressive symptoms, physical function, and falls. Data from 24 cohorts were used in meta-analyses.
