Heart failure (HF) constitutes a major public health problem. It has a substantial clinical, social, and economic burden, notably due to significant functional limitations and the reduced quality of life of patients.
The Cardiovascular Health Study estimated CHF incidence as 19.3 per 1000 person-years in those aged >65 years.
Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a clinical syndrome frequently accompanied by a high load of co-morbidities and characterized by poor outcomes, despite the provision of optimal medical guideline-directed treatments.
Chronic heart failure affects roughly 2–3% of the population in many industrialised countries.
An elevated resting heart rate (HR) is a known risk marker and likely risk factor for adverse outcomes in patients with heart failure (HF).
Diabetes mellitus and chronic heart failure (HF), both common conditions increasing in prevalence as the general population ages, are significant burdens to public health.
