WHO Guidelines: GLP-1 Receptor Agonists for Adult Obesity Management

Obesity, defined by WHO as BMI ≥30 kg/m² in adults, has escalated into a global epidemic, impacting over 1 billion individuals and contributing to 3.7 million deaths in 2024 alone. Projections indicate a doubling of prevalence by 2030, fueling noncommunicable diseases such as cardiovascular conditions, type 2 diabetes, and certain cancers, while exacerbating infectious disease outcomes. Economic burdens are forecasted to reach US$3 trillion annually by 2030. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs)—including liraglutide, semaglutide, and tirzepatide—have emerged as efficacious pharmacological options, promoting weight loss, glycemic control, and reductions in cardiovascular and renal risks, alongside lowered mortality in diabetes. In September 2025, WHO added select GLP-1 RAs to the Essential Medicines List for high-risk type 2 diabetes management. Responding to Member State requests, this inaugural WHO guideline on GLP-1 RAs for obesity treatment emphasizes their role within a comprehensive, person-centered framework incorporating diet, physical activity, and psychosocial support, aligning with the 2022 Acceleration Plan to Halt the Rise in Obesity.