A new clinical trial shows that the oral form of semaglutide, a medication commonly used for type 2 diabetes, can significantly lower the risk of heart attacks and strokes. This drug, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, is already known for helping control blood sugar, reducing weight, and even curbing alcohol cravings.
The study was co-led by Dr. John Buse, an endocrinologist and diabetes expert, and Dr. Matthew Cavender, a cardiologist at the UNC School of Medicine. It involved 9,650 people with type 2 diabetes and pre-existing cardiovascular disease or chronic kidney disease. Participants were either given oral semaglutide (14mg daily) or a placebo, along with standard diabetes and heart disease treatments.
Results showed that those taking oral semaglutide had a 14% lower risk of major cardiovascular events, including heart attacks and strokes, compared to those taking a placebo. The biggest reduction was seen in the risk of nonfatal heart attacks. These findings align with previous studies on the injectable form of semaglutide, suggesting that both versions of the drug are effective in protecting heart health.
Heart attacks and strokes are common complications of diabetes, as high blood sugar often leads to high blood pressure and cholesterol. Managing diabetes usually requires careful monitoring of diet, physical activity, and medications. GLP-1 receptor agonists like semaglutide have been promising in lowering blood sugar, but until now, there was limited research on whether the oral form could also prevent major cardiovascular events.
The results of this international trial, published in the *New England Journal of Medicine* and presented at the American College of Cardiology’s Annual Scientific Session, mark a significant advancement in diabetes care. Having an effective oral option makes treatment more accessible for many patients.
Although these findings are promising, further research is needed to determine whether oral semaglutide is as effective as the injectable version or if one works better for certain patients. The study was sponsored by pharmaceutical company Novo Nordisk, which produces semaglutide.
