The diagnostic criteria for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) have changed from 2009 to 2024. In 2024, DKA can be diagnosed with glucose ≥200 mg/dL or a prior diabetes history, compared to >250 mg/dL in 2009. Metabolic acidosis criteria remain similar, with pH <7.3 and/or bicarbonate <18 mmol/L. The diagnostic criteria for hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS) include hyperglycemia (plasma glucose ≥600 mg/dL), hyperosmolarity, absence of significant ketonemia, and absence of acidosis.
Novo Nordisk is phasing out Human Mixtard, India’s largest-selling insulin brand, along with other pen-based insulin products like Actrapid, Insulatard, and Xultophy. This decision is part of a global move to discontinue older generation insulin products and shift focus to newer, high-profit therapies.
The continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in T2DM has shown tremendous improvement from 2003 to 2024, and this progress continues in 2025. Mader J, presented a session at IDF World Diabetes Congress 2025 from 7th-10th April 2025 in Bangkok. There are 2 types of CGM i.e. Unblinded CGM and Blinded CGM. Unblinded CGM which provides automated alarms and alerts at specific glucose levels and/or changing glucose levels and display glucose values when swiped by a reader/smartphone while blinded CGM do not display glucose to user in real time.
The continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in T2DM has shown tremendous improvement from 2003 to 2024, and this progress continues in 2025. Mader J, presented a session at IDF World Diabetes Congress 2025 from 7th-10th April 2025 in Bangkok. There are 2 types of CGM i.e. Unblinded CGM and Blinded CGM. Unblinded CGM which provides automated alarms and alerts at specific glucose levels and/or changing glucose levels and display glucose values when swiped by a reader/smartphone while blinded CGM do not display glucose to user in real time.
Colagiuri S, presented a session at IDF World Diabetes Congress 2025 from 7th-10th April 2025 in Bangkok. Intermediate hyperglycemia (IH) includes IGT, IFG, and HbA1c. The WHO and ADA criteria for defining IH differ for IFG and the WHO does not have an HbA1c criterion. The 1-h OGTT has been recently advocated as an option. The general target of <7.0% (<53 mmol/mol) should ne personalised, balancing reducing complications, minimising hypoglycemia. HbA1c is important but has not been confirmed as an independent risk factor for complication.
